274 research outputs found
Physiologically-Motivated Feature Extraction Methods for Speaker Recognition
Speaker recognition has received a great deal of attention from the speech community, and significant gains in robustness and accuracy have been obtained over the past decade. However, the features used for identification are still primarily representations of overall spectral characteristics, and thus the models are primarily phonetic in nature, differentiating speakers based on overall pronunciation patterns. This creates difficulties in terms of the amount of enrollment data and complexity of the models required to cover the phonetic space, especially in tasks such as identification where enrollment and testing data may not have similar phonetic coverage. This dissertation introduces new features based on vocal source characteristics intended to capture physiological information related to the laryngeal excitation energy of a speaker. These features, including RPCC, GLFCC and TPCC, represent the unique characteristics of speech production not represented in current state-of-the-art speaker identification systems. The proposed features are evaluated through three experimental paradigms including cross-lingual speaker identification, cross song-type avian speaker identification and mono-lingual speaker identification. The experimental results show that the proposed features provide information about speaker characteristics that is significantly different in nature from the phonetically-focused information present in traditional spectral features. The incorporation of the proposed glottal source features offers significant overall improvement to the robustness and accuracy of speaker identification tasks
Weak degeneracy of planar graphs and locally planar graphs
Weak degeneracy is a variation of degeneracy which shares many nice
properties of degeneracy. In particular, if a graph is weakly
-degenerate, then for any -list assignment of , one can
construct an -coloring of by a modified greedy coloring algorithm. It is
known that planar graphs of girth 5 are 3-choosable and locally planar graphs
are 5-choosable. This paper strengthens these results and proves that planar
graphs of girth 5 are weakly 2-degenerate and locally planar graphs are weakly
4-degenerate.Comment: 13page
Latent Graph Inference with Limited Supervision
Latent graph inference (LGI) aims to jointly learn the underlying graph
structure and node representations from data features. However, existing LGI
methods commonly suffer from the issue of supervision starvation, where massive
edge weights are learned without semantic supervision and do not contribute to
the training loss. Consequently, these supervision-starved weights, which may
determine the predictions of testing samples, cannot be semantically optimal,
resulting in poor generalization. In this paper, we observe that this issue is
actually caused by the graph sparsification operation, which severely destroys
the important connections established between pivotal nodes and labeled ones.
To address this, we propose to restore the corrupted affinities and replenish
the missed supervision for better LGI. The key challenge then lies in
identifying the critical nodes and recovering the corrupted affinities. We
begin by defining the pivotal nodes as -hop starved nodes, which can be
identified based on a given adjacency matrix. Considering the high
computational burden, we further present a more efficient alternative inspired
by CUR matrix decomposition. Subsequently, we eliminate the starved nodes by
reconstructing the destroyed connections. Extensive experiments on
representative benchmarks demonstrate that reducing the starved nodes
consistently improves the performance of state-of-the-art LGI methods,
especially under extremely limited supervision (6.12% improvement on Pubmed
with a labeling rate of only 0.3%)
Identifying teleconnections and multidecadal variability of East Asian surface temperature during the last millennium in CMIP5 simulations
We examine the relationships in models and reconstructions between the multidecadal variability of surface temperature in East Asia and two extratropical modes of variability: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We analyse the spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics of the climate modes in the last millennium, historical and pre-industrial control simulations of seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5)/Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (PMIP3) global climate models (GCMs) to assess the relative influences of external forcing and unforced variability. These models produce PDO and AMO variability with realistic spatial patterns but widely varying spectral characteristics. AMO internal variability significantly influences East Asian temperature in five models (MPI, HadCM3, MRI, IPSL and CSIRO) but has a weak influence in the other two (BCC and CCSM4). In most models, external forcing greatly strengthens these statistical associations and hence the apparent teleconnection with the AMO. PDO internal variability strongly influences East Asian temperature in two out of seven models, but external forcing makes this apparent teleconnection much weaker. This indicates that the AMOāEast Asian temperature relationship is partly driven by external forcing, whereas the PDOātemperature relationship is largely from internal variability within the climate system. Our findings suggest that external forcing confounds attempts to diagnose the teleconnections of internal multidecadal variability. Using AMO and PDO indices that represent internal variability more closely and minimising the influence of external forcing on East Asian temperature can partly ameliorate this confounding effect. Nevertheless, these approaches still yield differences between the forced and control simulations and they cannot always be applied to paleoclimate reconstructions. Thus, we recommend caution when interpreting teleconnections diagnosed from reconstructions that contain both forced and internal variations
Cognitive manipulation of emotional and non-emotional information in working memory of patients with depression: a rigid processing style
IntroductionCognitive psychology is one of the important perspectives to understand depression. Compared with previous studies, recent researchers increasingly focused on the exploration of the comprehensive cognitive process of patients with depression. The cognitive operation ability of working memory is an important comprehensive cognitive process, which reflects how individuals establish representations. This is the basis for the formation of experience and schema. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there are abnormalities in cognitive manipulation in patients with depression, and to analyze its possible role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of depression.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, depressed patients was enrolled in the clinical psychology department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital as the case group, while healthy individuals were recruited in the hospital and social meetings as the control group. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-17, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and rumination thinking scale (RRS) were adopted as measurement tools, and working memory operation tasks were adopted to test each subject, so as to measure their cognitive operation ability.ResultA total of 78 depressed patients and 81 healthy individuals completed the study. The results showed that the rumination level of the case group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was significant first; Second, in the āinconsistentā condition, the case group under different stimulus conditions when the response was significantly higher than the control group; Thirdly, the ācognitive operation consumptionā value of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group under the three stimulus conditions, among which, the operational cost value of sadnessāneutral stimulus was significantly higher than that of the other two stimulus conditions.ConclusionPatients with depression had obvious difficulties in cognitive manipulation of information with different values in working memory, which reflected in the fact that it took them longer time to adjust the relationship between information and established new representations. Among them, patients with depression had a higher degree of cognitive manipulation of sad stimuli, indicating that their abnormal cognitive manipulation had certain emotion specificity. Finally, the difficulty of cognitive operation was closely related to the level of rumination
Causes of East Asian temperature multidecadal variability since 850 CE
The drivers of multidecadal to centennialāscale variability in East Asian temperature, apparent in temperature reconstructions, are poorly understood. Here, we apply a multivariate regression analysis to distinguish the influences of largeāscale modes of internal variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO; and Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation, PMO), and external natural (orbital, solar and volcanic) and anthropogenic (greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosols, and land use changes) forcings on East Asian warmāseason temperature over the period 850ā1999 AD. We find that ~80% of the temperature change on timescales longer than 30 years can be explained including all drivers over the fullālength period. The PMO was the most important driver of multidecadal temperature variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (here, 950ā1250), while solar contribution was important during the Little Ice Age (here, 1350ā1850). Since 1850, twoāthirds of temperature change can be explained with anthropogenic forcing, whereas oneāthird was related mainly to the AMO and volcanic forcing
Group delay dispersion monitoring for computational manufacturing of dispersive mirrors
We present a computational manufacturing program for monitoring group delay dispersion (GDD). Two kinds of dispersive mirrors computational manufactured by GDD, broadband, and time monitoring simulator are compared. The results revealed the particular advantages of GDD monitoring in dispersive mirror deposition simulations. The self-compensation effect of GDD monitoring is discussed. GDD monitoring can improve the precision of layer termination techniques, it may become a possible approach to manufacture other optical coatings
The relationship between moral judgment ability, parenting style, and perfectionism in obsessiveācompulsive disorder patients: A mediating analysis
IntroductionGuilt is an important part of obsessiveācompulsive disorder. The abnormal moral cognition of obsessiveācompulsive disorder patients may be closely related to their high level of guilt. The purpose of this study was to explore the development level of moral judgment in patients with obsessiveācompulsive disorder and the role of parenting style and perfectionism in moral judgment development.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in the clinical psychology department of a Class III hospital in Beijing. The patients with obsessiveācompulsive disorder were recruited, and the healthy control subjects were recruited at the same time. Questionnaires were used to collect data, including the Yale-Brown Compulsion Scale, the Moral Judgment Test, the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale, and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.ResultA total of 231 patients with obsessiveācompulsive disorder and 246 healthy controls were included. The results showed that, first, the obsessiveācompulsive group scored significantly lower on moral judgment than the healthy control group. Second, the tendency of non-adaptive perfectionism was significantly higher in the obsessiveācompulsive group than in the healthy control group. Third, parentsā excessive control, denial, punishment, and other parenting styles and non-adaptive perfectionism are higher than those of healthy people. Fourthly, the mother of obsessiveācompulsive disorder patients is overly interference and protective. Rejection, denial, punishment, harshness, and fatherās rejection and denial play a partial mediating role in moral judgment ability through the degree of non-adaptive perfectionism.ConclusionThe development level of moral judgment ability of patients with obsessiveācompulsive disorder was significantly lower than that of the normal group, and the level of non-adaptive perfectionism was significantly higher than that of the normal group. Parents of obsessiveācompulsive patients use more high-pressure control education. Parenting style partially affects the moral judgment of obsessiveācompulsive patients through the degree of non-adaptive perfectionism
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